From Bricolage to Biopolitics: Negotiating Living Space and Cultural Resistance of Sahelian Communities in the Vortex of Extremism and Security Crisis Dari Bricolage ke Biopolitik: Negosiasi Ruang Hidup dan Resistensi Kultural Masyarakat Sahel dalam Pusaran Krisis Ekstremisme dan Keamanan

Main Article Content

Amada Talikoa

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana kekerasan ekstremis dan kontra-insurgensi negara bersama-sama membentuk ulang ruang hidup komunitas pedesaan dan perbatasan di Cekungan Danau Chad, dengan fokus pada wilayah Far North Kamerun, timur laut Nigeria, dan Provinsi Lac di Chad. Kajian yang ada cenderung memandang ekstremisme agama sebagai ancaman keamanan atau penyimpangan teologis, sementara pengaturan spasial atas kelangsungan hidup sehari-hari relatif kurang diteliti. Melalui analisis dokumen interpretatif-teoretis atas teologi sosial Jean-Marc Ela, gagasan Foucault tentang biopower dan keamanan, nekropolitik Mbembe, serta teori praktik Bourdieu, yang ditopang literatur empiris sekunder dan laporan PBB maupun LSM, artikel ini berargumen bahwa jam malam, pembatasan bertani dan menangkap ikan, penutupan pasar, dan kontrol perbatasan, bersama pajak, pos pemeriksaan, dan kekerasan publik kelompok insurgen, membentuk dua mode pengaturan mobilitas dan subsistensi yang asimetris namun saling bersinggungan. Artikel ini membedakan kekerasan berdaulat–nekropolitik kelompok insurgen dari tata kelola keamanan negara, serta membedakan strategi bertahan (coping), adaptasi, dan resistensi. Perdagangan informal, migrasi strategis, skema modal tanpa bunga, dan bantuan timbal balik dibaca sebagai spektrum bricolage yang makna politisnya beragam. Peran komunitas masjid dan otoritas tradisional sebagai pelengkap negara yang hadir sebagai aparat koersif tetapi absen sebagai penyedia layanan diajukan sebagai hipotesis untuk penelitian lapangan, bukan sebagai temuan yang telah terbukti. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan keamanan perlu memperlakukan perlindungan ruang hidup dan mata pencaharian sebagai prasyarat keamanan, bukan sekadar efek sampingnya. Artikel ini menawarkan ruang hidup sebagai kategori analitis dalam studi konflik, menetapkan batas konseptual penerapan biopolitik pada konteks kontra-insurgensi, dan mengusulkan pembedaan coping–adaptasi–resistensi untuk membaca praktik bertahan hidup lokal.


 


This article examines how extremist violence and state counter-insurgency jointly reshape the living space of rural and borderland communities in the Lake Chad Basin, with particular attention to Cameroon's Far North, north-eastern Nigeria and Chad's Lac province. Existing scholarship tends to treat religious extremism either as a security threat or as theological deviation, and leaves the spatial organisation of everyday survival comparatively unexamined. Using a theoretical-interpretive document analysis of Jean-Marc Ela's social theology, Foucault's accounts of biopower and security, Mbembe's necropolitics and Bourdieu's theory of practice, supported by secondary empirical literature and UN and NGO reports, the article argues that curfews, farming and fishing restrictions, market closures and border controls, together with insurgent taxation, checkpoints and public violence, constitute two asymmetrical but intersecting modes of governing movement and subsistence. It distinguishes insurgent sovereign-necropolitical violence from state security governance, and distinguishes coping, adaptation and resistance among local responses. Informal trade, strategic migration, interest-free capital schemes and mutual aid are read as a spectrum of bricolage whose political meaning varies. The role of mosque communities and traditional authorities as partial substitutes for a state that is present as coercion but absent as provision is advanced as a hypothesis for fieldwork, not as a demonstrated finding. The article concludes that security policy should treat the protection of living space and livelihood as a condition of security rather than its by-product. The article offers living space as an analytical category for conflict studies, specifies the conceptual limits of applying biopolitics to counter-insurgency settings, and proposes a coping–adaptation–resistance distinction for reading local survival practices.

Article Details

How to Cite
Talikoa, A. (2026). From Bricolage to Biopolitics: Negotiating Living Space and Cultural Resistance of Sahelian Communities in the Vortex of Extremism and Security Crisis: Dari Bricolage ke Biopolitik: Negosiasi Ruang Hidup dan Resistensi Kultural Masyarakat Sahel dalam Pusaran Krisis Ekstremisme dan Keamanan. MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social, 4(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.46362/moderate.v4i1.52
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Articles

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